Year 2013 / Volume 105 / Number 5
Puntos De Vista
Human intestinal dendritic cells as controllers of mucosal immunity

pp. 279-290

David Bernardo

Abstract
Dendritic cells are the most potent, professional antigen-presenting
cells in the body; following antigen presentation they control
the type (proinflammatory/regulatory) of immune response that will
take place, as well as its location. Given their high plasticity and
maturation ability in response to local danger signals derived from
innate immunity, dendritic cells are key actors in the connection
between innate immunity and adaptive immunity responses. In the
gut dendritic cells control immune tolerance mechanisms against
food and/or commensal flora antigens, and are also capable of initiating
an active immune response in the presence of invading
pathogens. Dendritic cells are thus highly efficient in controlling the
delicate balance between tolerance and immunity in an environment
so rich in antigens as the gut, and any factor involving these cells
may impact their function, ultimately leading to the development of
bowel conditions such as celiac disease or inflammatory bowel disease.
In this review we shall summarize our understanding of human
intestinal dendritic cells, their ability to express and induce migration
markers, the various environmental factors modulating their properties,
their subsets in the gut, and the problems entailed by their
study, including identification strategies, differences between humans
and murine models, and phenotypical variations along the gastrointestinal
tract.
Key words: Dendritic cells. Human intestine. Celiac disease. Inflammatory
bowel disease. Mucosal immunology. Migration markers
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