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27. Evans JA, Chandrasekhara V, Chathadi KV et al. ASGE standards of practice committee. The role of endoscopy in the management of premalignant and malignant conditions of the stomach. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2015. 82(1):1-8
28. Dinis-Ribeiro M, Areia M, de Vries AC et al. Management of precancerous conditions and lesions in the stomach (MAPS). Endoscopy 2012; 44: 74–94
29. Evans JA, Early DS, Fukami N et al. ASGE standards of practice committee. The role of endoscopy in Barrett’s esophagus and other premalignant conditions of the esophagus. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2012. Volume 76, No. 6: 1087-1094
30. Spechler SJ, Sharma P, Souza RF, et al. American Gastroenterological Association technical review on the management of Barrett’s esophagus. Gastroenterology 2011;140:e18-52; quiz e13.
31. Wang KK, Sampliner RE; Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology. Updated guidelines 2008 for the diagnosis, surveillance and therapy of Barrett’s esophagus. Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103:788-97.
32. Abrams JA, Kapel RC, Lindberg GM, et al. Adherence to biopsy guidelines for Barrett’s esophagus surveillance in the community setting in the United States. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;7:736-42; quiz 710.
33. Pais WP, Duerksen DR, Pettigrew NM, et al. How many duodenal biopsy specimens are required to make a diagnosis of celiac disease? Gastrointest Endosc 2008;67:1082-7.
34. Kurien M, Evans KE, Hopper AD, et al. Duodenal bulb biopsies for diagnosing adult celiac disease: Is there an optimal biopsy site? Gastrointest Endosc 2012;75:1190-6.
35. Sharaf, RN, Shergill AK, Odze RD et al, ASGE standards of practice committee. Endoscopic mucosal tissue sampling. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2013; 78(2):-224
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42. Laine L, Jensen DM. Management of patients with ulcer bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol 2012;107:345-60; quiz 361.
43. Villanueva C, Colomo A, Bosch A, et al. Transfusion strategies for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. N Engl J Med 2013;368:11-21.
44. Hearnshaw SA, Logan RF, Lowe D, et al. Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the UK: patient characteristics, diagnoses and outcomes in the 2007 UK audit. Gut 2011;60:1327-35.
45. Garcia-Iglesias P, Villoria A, Suarez D, et al. Meta-analysis: predictors of rebleeding after endoscopic treatment for bleeding peptic ulcer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011;34:888-900
46. Theivanayagam S, Lim RG, Cobell WJ et al. Administration of erythromycin before endoscopy in upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2013; 19: 205–210
47. Barkun A, Sabbah S, Enns R, et al. The Canadian Registry on Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Endoscopy (RUGBE): Endoscopic hemostasis and proton pump inhibition are associated with improved outcomes in a real-life setting. Am J Gastroenterol 2004;99:1238-46.
48. Huang ES, Karsan S, Kanwal F et al. Impact of nasogastric lavage on outcomes in acute GI bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 74: 971–980
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50. Forrest JA, Finlayson ND, Shearman DJ. Endoscopy in gastrointestinal bleeding. Lancet 1974; 2: 394–397
51. Gralnek I, Dumonceau J-M, Kuipers E et al. Diagnosis and management of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline. Endoscopy 2015; 47:a1–a46
52. Marmo R, Rotondano G, Piscopo R, et al. Dual therapy versus monotherapy in the endoscopic treatment of high-risk bleeding ulcers: a meta-analysis of controlled trials. Am J Gastroenterol 2007;102:279-89; quiz 469.
53. Laine L, Jensen DM. Management of patients with ulcer bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol 2012;107:345-60; quiz 361.
54. Laine L, McQuaid KR. Endoscopic therapy for bleeding ulcers: an evidence-based approach based on meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;7:33-47; quiz 1-2
55. Marmo R, Koch M, Cipolletta L, et al. Predicting mortality in nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeders: validation of the Italian PNED score and prospective comparison with the Rockall score. Am J Gastroenterol 2010;105:1284-91.
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58. Jaspersen D, Schwacha H, Schorr W, et al. Omeprazole in the treatment of patients with complicated gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1996;11:900-22009;7:311-6; quiz 253.
59. Lauritsen K, Rune SJ, Bytzer P, et al. Effect of omeprazole and cimetidine on duodenal ulcer: a double-blind comparative trial. N Engl J Med 1985;312:958-61.
60. Lauritsen K, Rune SJ, Wulff HR, et al. Effect of omeprazole and cimetidine on prepyloric gastric ulcer: double blind comparative trial. Gut 1988;29:249-53.
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DOI: 10.17235/reed.2018.5652/2018