References
1. Broto J, Asensio M, Vernet JM. Results of a new technique in the threatment of severe esophageal stenosis in children: poliflex stents. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2003 Aug;37(2):203-6
2. Zhang C, Yu JM, Fan GP et al. The use of a retrievable self-expanding stent in treating childhood benign esophageal strictures. J Pediatr Surg 2005 Mar;40(3):501-4
3. Ruthmann O, Richter S, Fischer A. Biliary stenting of an iatrogenic esophageal perforation following corrosive esophagitis in a 5-year-old child. Endoscopy. 2009;41 Suppl 2:E325-6
4. Best C et al. Esophageal stenting in children: indications, application, effectiveness and complications. Gastrointest Endosc 2009 Dec;70(6):1248-53
5. Foschia F et al. Custom dynamic stent for esophageal strictures in children. J Pediatr Surg 2011 May;46(5):848-53
6. Atabek C, Surer I, Demirbag S. Increasing tendency in caustic esophageal burns and long-term polytetrafluorethylene stenting in severe cases: 10 years experience. J Pediatr Surg 2007 Apr;42(4):626-40
7. Vandenplas Y, .Hauser B, Devreker T. A biodegradable esophageal stent in the treatment of a corrosive esophageal stenosis in a child. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2009. Aug;49(2):254-257.
8. Kramer RE et al. Esophageal stents for severe strictures in young children: experience, benefits and risk. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2010 Jun;12(3):203-10
9. Rahbar R, Jones DT, Nuss RC, et al. The role of mitomycin in the prevention and treatment of scar formation in the pediatric aerodigestive tract: friend or foe? Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2002;128:401–6
10. Afzal NA, Albert D, Thomas AL. A child with oesophageal strictures. Lancet. 2002 Mar 23;359(9311):1032.
11. Rahbar R, Shapshay SM, Healy GB. Mitomycin: effects on laryngeal and tracheal stenosis, benefits, and complications. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2001;110:1–6.
12. Kao SCS, Lia CL, Tseng JH, et al. Dacrocystorhinostomy with intraoperative mitomycin-C. Ophthalmology 1997;104:86–91.
13. Spier BJ Sawma VA, Gopal DV. Intralesional mitomycin C: successful treatment for benign recalcitrant esophageal stricture. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009 Jan;69(1):152-3
14. Broto J, Gil-Vernet JM, Royo G. Use of mitomycin C in esophageal stenosis. Cir Pediatr. 2007;20:57-8.
15. Antoniou D, Soutis M, Christopoulos-Geroulanos G. Anastomotic strictures following esophageal atresia repair: a 20-year experience with endoscopic ballon dilatation. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010 Oct;51(4):464-7. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181d682ac.
16. Kochman ML , McClave, SA, Boyce HW. The refractory and the recurrent esophageal stricture: a definition. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 2005; 62(3):474-5
17. Repici A, Vieggaar FP, Hassan C. Efficacy and sefaty of biodegradable stents for refractory benign esophageal strictures: the BEST (Biodegradable Esophageal Stent) study. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2010. 72(5): 927-934. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2010.07.031.
18. Hirdes M M C, Siersema P D, Houben M H M G D. Stent-in-Stent Technique for Removal of Embedded Esophageal Self-Expanding Metal Stents Am J Gastroenterol 2011;106:286–293. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2010.394
19. Reinshagen K, Kähler G, Manegold BC. Evaluation of stents in treating childhood benign esophageal strictures. Klin Padiatr. 2009 Jan-Feb;221(1):25-30. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-984377
20. Goldin E, Fiorini A. Ratan Y. A new biodegradable and self-expandable stent for benign esophageal strictures. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 1996;43(4):294SW.
22. Fry SW, Fleischer DE. Management of a refractory benign esophageal stricture with a new biodegradable stent. Gastrointest Endosc. 1997 Feb;45(2):179-82
23. Tanaka T, Takahashi M, Nitta N. Newly developed biodegradable stents for benign gastrointestinal tract stenoses: a preliminary clinical trial. Digestion 2006. 74:199–205
24. Saito Y, Tanaka T, Andoh A. Usefulness of biodegradable stents constructed of poly-l-lactic acid monofilaments in patients with benign esophageal stenosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2007 Aug 7;13(29):3977-80.
25. Dhar A, Topping JH, Johns E. Biodegradable stents in refractory benign oesophageal strictures. First report of 4 patients from UK. Gastrointest Endosc 2009;M1487. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2009.03.655
26. Orive-Calzada A, Alvarez-Rubio M, Romero-Izquierdo S et al. Severe epithelial hyperplasia as a complication of a novel biodegradable stent. Endoscopy 2009. 41(Suppl 2):E137–E138. doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1214634. Epub 2009 Jun 19.
27. Stivaros SM, Williams LR, Senger C. Woven polydioxanone biodegradable stents: a new treatment option for benign and malignant oesophageal strictures. Eur Radiol 2010. 20:1069–1072. doi: 10.1007/s00330-009-1662-5. Epub 2009 Nov 17.
28. van Boekel PG, Vieggar FP, Siersema PD. A comparison of temporary self-expanding plastic and biodegradable stents for refactory benign esophagel strictures. Clin Gastroenterol hepatol 2011. 9(8):653–659. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2011.04.006. Epub 2011 Apr 15.
29. Cerná M, Köcher M, Válek V. Covered biodegradable stent: new therapeutic option for the management of esophageal perforation or anastomotic leak. Cardiovasc Interv Radiol 2011. 34:1267–1271. doi: 10.1007/s00270-010-0059-9. Epub 2011 Jan 7.
30. van Hooft JE, van Berge Henegouwen MI. Endoscopic treatment of benign anastomotic esophagogastric strictures with a biodegradable stent. Gastrointest Endosc 2011. 73:1043–1047. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2011.01.001. Epub 2011 Mar 9.
31. Griffiths EA, Gregory CJ, Pursnani KG. The use of biodegradable (SX-ELLA) oesophageal stents to treat dysphagia due to benign and malignant oesophageal disease. Surg Endosc - 2012 Aug;26(8):2367-75. doi: 10.1007/s00464-012-2192-9
32. Ibrahim M, Vandermeeren A, Van Maele V. Belgian multicenter experience with the biodegradable ella stent in benign strictures of the digestive tract. Endoscopy 2010;42 (Suppl 1):A259.
33. Güitrón-Cantú A, Adalid-Martínez R, Gutiérrez-Bermúdez JA. Reacción a cuerpo extraño de una prótesis esofágica biodegradable. Informe de un caso Revista de Gastroenterología de México 2010;2:203-207
34. Hair CS, Devonshire DA. Severe hyperplastic tissue stenosis of a novel biodegradable esophageal stent and subsequent successful management with high-pressure balloon dilation. Endoscopy 2010. 42(Suppl 2):E132–E133
35. Hirdes, MM, Vleggaar, FP.; de Beule, M. :In vitro evaluation of the radial and axial force of self-expanding esophageal stents. Endoscopy 2013; 45: 997–1005. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1344985. Epub 2013 Nov 28.
36. Hirdes MM, Siersema PD, van Boeckel PG. Single and sequential biodegradable stent placement for refractory benign esophageal strictures: a prospective follow-up study. Endoscopy. 2012 Jul;44(7):649-54. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1309818. Epub 2012 Jun 21
37. Adler DG, Pleskow DK. Closure of a benign tracheoesophageal fistula by using a coated, self-expanding plastic stent in a patient with a history of esophageal atresia. Gastrointest Endosc. 2005 May;61(6):765-8.
38. Khaw PT, Doyle JW, Sherwood MB, et al. Prolonged localized tissue effects from 5-minute exposure to fluorouracil and mitomycin. Arch Ophthalmol 1993;111:263–7
39. Lee DA, Lee TC, Cortes AE. Effects of mithramycin, mitomycin, daunorubicin and bleomycin on human fibroblast attachment and proliferation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1990;31:2136–44
40. Heran MK, Baird R, Blair GK. Topical mitomycin-C for recalcitrant esophageal strictures: a novel endoscopic/fluoroscopic technique for safe endoluminal delivery. J Pediatr Surg. 2008 May;43(5):815-8.
41. Kumar A, Bhatnagar V. Topical application of mitomycin-C in corrsive esophageal strictures. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2005;10:25-7
42. Rosseneu S, Afzal N, Yerushalmi B. Topical application of mitomycin-C in oesophageal strictures.J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2007 Mar;44(3):336-41
43. Uhlen S et al. Mitomycin C: an alternative conservative treatment for refractory esophageal stricture in children? Endoscopy 2006 Apr;38(4):404-7
44. Olutoye OO, Shulman RJ, Cotton RT. Mitomycin C in the management of pediatric caustic esophageal strictures: a case report. J Pediatr Surg. 2006 May;41(5):e1-3.
45. Gillespie MB, Day TA, Sharma AK. Role of mitomycin in upper digestive tract stricture. Head Neck. 2007 Jan;29(1):12-7.
46. Zur KB, Putnam PE, Rutter MJ. Combined retrograde and anterograde hypopharyngeal puncture and dilatation in a child with complete hypopharyngeal stenosis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2007 Jan;71(1):153-7. Epub 2006 Nov 1.
47. Fröhlich T, Greess H, Köhler H. Topical mitomycin C treatment of a benign oesophageal stricture following caustic ingestion in a four-year-old boy. Z Gastroenterol. 2007;45:255-8.
48. Daher P, Riachy E, Georges B. Topical application of mitomycin C in the treatment of esophageal and tracheobronchial stricture: a report of 2 cases. J Pediatr Surg. 2007 Sep;42(9):E9-11
49. Chung J, Connolly B, Langer J. Fluoroscopy-guided topical application of mitomycin-C in a case of refractory esophageal stricture. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2010 Jan;21(1):152-5. Epub 2009 Nov 25
50. Machida H Tominaga K., Minamino H. Locoregional MMC for refractory esophageal stricture after ESD. Endoscopy 2012;44:622–625