Year 2025 / Volume 117 / Number 12

Editorial
709-711
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2025.11339/2025
Javier Crespo, Paula Iruzubieta, Conrado M. Fernández Rodríguez,
Over the past decades, the fight against hepatitis C has become one of the most remarkable public health successes of our time. Once a disease with profound clinical, social, and economic consequences,...
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Editorial
712-715
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2025.11160/2025
Carlota García-Hoz, Roberto Pariente, Garbiñe Roy Ariño,
An increase in duodenal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) is a characteristic finding in coeliac enteropathy. Flow cytometry analysis of this compartment, known as the ‘duodenal IEL lymphogram’, is a...
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Editorial
716-724
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2025.11737/2025
Isabel Vera Mendoza, Natalia de la LLama, Cecilia Martínez, Agustín Albillos,
Introduction: The Spanish Society of Digestive Pathology (SEPD) and the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy (SEFH) promoted a project to create a consensus document between the specialties of Gastroenterology...
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Original
725-729
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2025.11404/2025
Antonio Ramos Martínez, Andrea Gutiérrez-Villanueva, Mariano González-Haba Ruiz, Itziar Diego-Yagüe, Alberto Nieto-Fernández, Elena Muñez, Ana Fernández Cruz, Jorge Calderón Parra,
Introduction: recurrent acute cholangitis (RAC) constitutes a relevant clinical problem that may condition the prognosis of the patient. Chronic suppressive antibiotic therapy can be used for preventive...
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Original
730-736
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2025.11320/2025
Jorge Ruiz-Rodríguez, Carolina Román de la Fuente, María Ángeles Torres Nieto, Paula Bayo Juanas, Isabel Ruiz Núñez, Cristina Martínez Cuevas, Alicia Sanjosé Crespo, Pilar Díez Redondo, Francisco Javier García-Alonso,
Introduction: colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. CRCs diagnosed after a colonoscopy with no cancer detected (post-colonoscopy colorectal cancers [PCCRCs]) remain a...
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Original
737-744
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2025.11434/2025
Bin Yang, Xiangying Feng, Qinxian Huang, Xuzhao Li, Xue Jiang, Weihong Fu, Qingchuan Zhao, Zhifeng Zhao,
Introduction: functional constipation (FC) is often accompanied by somatic symptom disorder (SSD), especially in refractory conditions. In such patients, constipation manifestations often appear to reflect...
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Original
745-751
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2025.11373/2025
Ángela Suárez-Noya, Carmen Álvarez-Navascués, Mercedes Rodríguez, Valle Cadahía-Rodrigo, Lissa Franco, Andrés Castaño-García, Susana Rojo-Alba, María Varela, María Luisa González-Diéguez, Manuel Rodríguez,
Objective: to understand the burden of immigration in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and C (CHC) in our setting and the characteristics of immigrants with each infection. Materials and methods: an observational,...
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Digestive Diseases Image
752-754
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10152/2023
Laura Rayón Moreno, Alberto Pérez Garvin, Bruno Bernardo, Beatriz Merino,
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a monoclonal proliferative disease that can affect multiple organs. It is a rare disorder, and children are the most commonly affected. Its classification depends...
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Digestive Diseases Image
755-756
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10185/2023
Pablo Olcina Domínguez, Vanesa Martínez Escapa, Clara Navarro Peiró, Maria Dolores Pérez Zahonero,
We present the case of a 41-year-old patient under study for chronic diarrhea, iron deficiency, and elevated fecal calprotectin. After ileocolonoscopy, magnetic resonance and capsule endoscopy without...
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Digestive Diseases Image
757-758
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10251/2024
Carlos Borges Chaves, Luís Santos, Sofia Mendes, Pedro Figueiredo,
A man in his 70s, without prior foreign body history, presented to the emergency department 15 days after accidentally inserting a tubular object into his anus. He reported a reduction in normal bowel...
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Letter
759-760
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10656/2024
Lorena González Otero, Lucía Seoane Blanco, Andrea García Gómez, María Gómez Rivas, Ana Armesto Pérez, Leopoldo López Rosés,
Lymphocytic esophagitis is a little-known entity whose cause is not fully established, and which basically presents with dysphagia. It is characterized by the presence of an infiltrate mainly formed by...
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Letter
760-761
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10707/2024
Ji Xu, Yao Liu, Zhenguo Qiao,
A 38-year-old man came to our outpatient department with abdominal pain. The computed tomography (CT) scan shows no obvious abnormalities. The colonoscopy showed a submucosal eminence about 0.6cm in diameter...
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Letter
761-762
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10711/2024
Sónia Barros, Luís Relvas, Isabel Malta Carvalho, Ana Margarida Vaz, Bruno Peixe,
Diagnosing IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis (IgG4-SC) presents significant challenges, especially when serum IgG4 levels are normal and other organs are not involved. We report a case of a 51-year-old...
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Letter
762-763
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10705/2024
Sónia Barros, Luís Miguel Relvas, Isabel Malta Carvalho, Ana Margarida Vaz, Bruno Peixe,
A 60-year-old female with chronic pancreatitis and a history of splenectomy presented with epigastric pain, vomiting, and asthenia. Elevated pancreatic enzymes and CT imaging revealed a pseudocyst in the...
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Letter
763-764
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10708/2024
Andrea Monserrat Guillén Graf, Ariadnee Irma Reyna Aréchiga, César Eliud Escareño Pérez, Francisco Bosques-Padilla, Joel Omar Jáquez Quintana,
Biliary tract complications after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) are frequently reported. The diagnosis and management of these complications have become increasingly crucial, with digital single...
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Letter
764-765
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10713/2024
Andrea Silva, Joana Madeira, Sandra Lopes, Mário Rui Silva, Francisco Portela, Pedro Figueiredo,
Terminal ileitis is a common finding in clinical practice and is often associated with Crohn's disease. However, other pathologies must be considered particularly those resulting from side effects of drugs....
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Letter
765-767
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10723/2024
Julio César Moreno-Alfonso, Carlos Delgado-Miguel, Ada Molina Caballero, Alberto Pérez Martínez, María Concepción Yárnoz Irazábal,
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an immunologic disorder of the esophagus with an increasing incidence in our region of 8.1 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year. It is characterized by dysphagia, and...
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Letter
767-768
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10736/2024
Yang Wu, Haina Chai, Jun Liu, Pinghong Zhou, Chao Sun, Chaowu Chen,
Here we report for the first time an extremely rare case of esophageal metastatic adenocarcinoma resembling esophageal leiomyoma leading to misdiagnosis. The case gives us great insights that in any esophageal...
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Letter
768-769
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10738/2024
Rui Lei, Xin Ding, Yongjie Su, Dian-Er Lin, Hong Ma,
We presented a 66-year-old woman with T2DM who had a liver mass discovered incidentally during hospitalization. She was asymptomatic with a right upper abdominal mass that was smooth, mobile, and non-tender....
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Letter
769-770
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10755/2024
Julio César Moreno-Alfonso, Carlos Delgado-Miguel, Ada Molina Caballero, Alberto Pérez Martínez, María Concepción Yárnoz Irazábal,
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea. Its diagnosis requires endoscopy and biopsies for histopathological...
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Letter
770-771
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10728/2024
Daniel Alvarenga Fernandes, Fernando Brandão Alcântara Santos, Fernanda Veloso Pereira, Carlos Eduardo Garcez Teixeira, Zoraida Sachetto, Ilka de Fátima Ferreira Santana Boin, José Barreto Campello Carvalheira, Fabiano Reis,
Trousseau Syndrome (TS) is defined as the occurrence of thromboembolic events prior to or simultaneously with the diagnosis of visceral neoplasia. In cases of multiple thromboembolisms, considering the...
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Letter
771-772
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10752/2024
Julia López de la Cruz,
We present the case of a 75-year-old woman who presented to our hospital with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and altered liver function tests. MR cholangiography performed during hospitalization revealed...
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Letter
772-774
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10759/2024
Cong Dai, Yu-Hong Huang,
A 53-year-old man presented with abdominal pain and distension, accompanied with vomiting, and weight loss. Then he was treated with gastrointestinal decompression and enema, but the symptom of abdominal...
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Letter
774-775
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10761/2024
Isabel Pérez Valle, Pablo Flórez-Díez, María Rodríguez-Peláez, Valle Cadahía-Rodrigo,
Splenic infarction is a rare complication present in 7% of pancreatic inflammatory pathologies. This is justified by the close anatomical relationship between the pancreas and the splenic hilum. Although...
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Letter
809
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10762/2024
Diego Ruedi, Alexandra Ginesta, Alejandra Gallardo, Antonio Rollán, Roque Saenz, Rossana Telleri, Ernesto Melkonian,
We report a case of a 48-year-old male with HIV and poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy, presenting with two months of abdominal pain and diarrhea. His latest CD4 count was 11/µL. Imaging and biopsy...
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Letter
776-777
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10021/2023
César Gómez Díez, Pilar Varela Trastoy, Alejo Mancebo Mata, Miguel Ángel de Jorge Turrión, Javier Tejedor-Tejada,
Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder which involves mainly the gut. It poses a continuous challenge for health care due to the lack of effective medical therapies. Given the situation of...
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Letter
777-778
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10788/2024
María Martínez Burgos, Javier Villena-Salinas, José Antonio Martínez Otón, Marta Gallego Peinado,
Bile acid malabsorption (BAM) is a common cause of chronic diarrhoea. Recent work has shown that it is probably an under-diagnosed entity. BAM is classified into 4 types depending on what conditions it....
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Letter
778-779
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10716/2024
Cristina Martínez-Cuevas, Esteban Andrés Fuentes Valenzuela, Paula Bayo Juanas, Alicia Sanjosé Crespo, Jorge Lillo Díez, José Pablo Miramontes-González,
Before starting a drug that suppresses immunity, it is of paramount importance to screen for hidden infections in patients with inflammatory diseases. Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a condition...
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Letter
779-780
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10753/2024
Gemma Cerezal Gómez, Laura Santos Santamaría, Graciela Marabé Carretero, Javier Pérez-Bedmar Delgado,
Sporadic non-ampullary duodenal adenomas are rare (prevalence<0.5%). We present the case of a 73-year-old woman in whom a large duodenal lesion with an adenomatous appearance was visualised during gastroscopy....
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Letter
780-781
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10771/2024
Yibing Hu, Jin Ding, Qunying Wang, hongjun hua,
A 34-year-old man presented to our emergency department with a 6-day history of bloody stools. He had no complaints of alteration in bowel habits in the stool. He did not consume alcohol and was a non-smoker....
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Letter
781-782
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10781/2024
Sen Liu, Lun Zhang, Shunchao Wang, Zhen Li, Jingzeng Pan, Peng Zhang,
The removal of a metal stent with proximal displacement was challenging. We present a case where a needle knife was used to incise the duodenal papilla to remove the displaced metal stent.
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Letter
782-783
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10782/2024
Pablo Fernández Rodríguez, Mario Calvo Soto, Luis Miguel García, Jorge Mendoza Jiménez-Ridruejo, Cecilio Santander Vaquero, Raquel Herranz Pérez,
This article presents two clinical cases of gastroduodenal peptic ulcers refractory to medical treatment. In both cases, malignancy was excluded following persistent lesions observed in repeated endoscopies,...
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Letter
783-784
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10792/2024
João Vieira, Inês Allen Martinho, Ana Catarina Vieira, Alberto Vieira,
We present a case of a woman in her 70s, with right upper quadrant pain and jaundice, who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy 14 days, previously. The ultrasound and computer tomography scan revealed...
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Letter
785-786
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10795/2024
Maki Setake, Ryosaku Tomiyama, Tomoya Kuda, Kanetaka Maeshiro, Akira Hokama,
A 17-year-old man with ulcerative colitis (UC) presented to our hospital with neck pain and fever after vomiting. On examination, a snowflake sensation was noted in the neck. A chest radiograph showed...
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Letter
786
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10797/2024
Shubei Chen, Qiang Geng, Ying Lin, Yong Ye, Qing Yang,
Acute variceal bleeding is a life-threatening condition and a common cause of cirrhosis-related death, severe acute bleeding is difficult to treat and has a high mortality rate, drug treatment is often...
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Letter
787
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10798/2024
Julio César Moreno-Alfonso, Sara Hernández Martín, Ada Molina Caballero, Alberto Pérez Martínez, María Concepción Yárnoz Irazábal,
Meckel's diverticulum (MD) originates from the incomplete obliteration of the omphalomesenteric duct during the seventh week of gestation. The classic clinical description of MD follows the "rule of two:...
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Letter
788
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10789/2024
Alba Cortés-Gonzalez, Belén Bernad-Cabredo,
Acute pancreatitis is an uncommon adverse effect of sodium-glucose linked transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is). Their use has notably increased in recent years, hence clinical suspicion is key in patients...
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Letter
789-790
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10735/2024
Claudia Álvarez Varela, José Ramón Foruny Olcina, Sergio López-Durán, Ana García García de Paredes, Eduardo Tavío, Carlota Meruéndano Padrón, Agustín Albillos, Enrique Vázquez Sequeiros,
In patients with malignant distal biliary obstruction, drainage via Endoscopic Ultrasound-guided Choledochoduodenostomy (EUS-CDS) is indicated in clinical guidelines following a failed Endoscopic Retrograde...
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Letter
790-791
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10802/2024
Ruotong Zhu, Peng Liu, Yu Liu, An Xie,
A 54-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital due to unexplained weight loss Physical examination revealed a significant abdominal mass. CT scanning revealed a large mixed-density mass in the abdomen...
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Letter
791-792
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10826/2024
David Barquero Declara, Alejandro Blasco Pelicano, Alfredo Mata Bilbao,
In this work we review the approach to difficult cannulation situations during ERCP. Among the known options to solve this problem, we suggest a technical variant that we believe can be useful to successfully...
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Letter
792-793
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10830/2024
Haifeng Jin, Zhen Liu, Jia Feng, Quanhui Chen,
A 24-year-old man presented to our hospital because he found that his stool with intermittent blood for one month. The patient was healthy in the past. The patient had no family history of colorectal polyps...
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Letter
793-794
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10725/2024
Raúl Gijón Villanova, Concepción López Peña, Alfonso Extremera Ortega, Alicia Martín-Lagos Maldonado, José Miguel Candel Erenas,
We present the case of a 67-year-old male smoker with no medical history of interest. Admitted to Neurology for frontal headache, unsteady gait, temporospatial disorientation and vomiting. Laboratory...
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Letter
794-795
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10818/2024
Sangsang Chen, Zhebin Dong, Hanting Xiang, Chao Liang,
Although the etiology of UC is not clear, some studies show that the appendix may be the starting point of UC, and the incidence of appendicitis is high in patients with UC. We performed a MR analysis...
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Letter
795-796
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10839/2024
Sandra Correia, Tiago Pereira Guedes, Maria Mexia Leitão, Isabel Pedroto, Sílvia Barrias,
Dear Editor, We report a case of a 30-year-old woman with an 8-year diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) treated with swallowed fluticasone propionate throughout this period. She presented to the...
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Letter
796-797
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2025.11363/2025
Julio César Moreno-Alfonso, Rocío del Campo-Pedrosa, Carlos Delgado-Miguel, Miren Ibarzabal Arregui, Ada Molina Caballero, Alberto Pérez Martínez, María Concepción Yárnoz Irazábal,
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) presents with dysphagia and is associated with food allergy (FA). Although esophagoscopy remains essential for diagnosis, predictive models based on cellular indices from...
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Letter
797-799
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2025.11384/2025
Pablo Fernández Rodríguez, Lidia Castillo Gázquez, Susana Tomás Álvarez, Fernando Casals Seoane, María Caldas Álvarez, Rosario Serrano Pardo, Cecilio Santander Vaquero, Elena Resina Sierra,
Disseminated Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) disease, known as BCGitis, is a rare but potentially severe systemic complication of intravesical BCG therapy, which is used in the treatment of non-muscle invasive...
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Letter
799-800
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2025.11416/2025
Silvia Sánchez Infantes, César Lévano-Linares, Tamara Diaz Vico, María Teresa Pérez Domene, Ana Torres Alemán, Belén Manso Abajo, Manuel Durán Poveda,
Benign Multicystic Peritoneal Mesothelioma (BMPM) is a rare mesothelial neoplasm, first described in 1979, with an estimated incidence of 1–2 cases per million. It primarily affects women of reproductive...
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Letter
800-801
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2025.11480/2025
Sofia Bragança, Pooja Khonde, Stephen D. Zucker’s, Marvin Ryou,
We report a 52-year-old patient referred for evaluation of abnormal liver tests, with extensive etiological workup negative. Abdominal CT and MRI revealed hypertrophy of the left hepatic lobe, nodular...
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Letter
801-802
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2025.11387/2025
Miguel Ángel Lorente Martínez, María Cristina Bailón Gaona, Elena Ruiz Escolano,
Leptospira interrogans is a spirochete excreted in the urine of various mammals. It can infect humans when contaminated water comes into contact with broken skin or mucous membranes. Leptospirosis may...
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Letter
802-803
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2025.11435/2025
Federico Gordo Vidal,
In our field, AI is already producing significant changes through the development of expert systems and devices based on machine learning and deep neural networks, which optimize monitoring, diagnosis,...
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Letter
803-804
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2025.11589/2025
Ali Çağatay Bozkına, Abdullah Murat Buyruk,
Triple A syndrome (Allgrove syndrome) is a rare inherited disorder characterized by adrenal insufficiency, alacrima, and achalasia. Despite POEM’s established role in achalasia management, its effectiveness...
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Letter
804-805
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2025.11597/2025
Gerardo Blanco-Velasco, Enrique Pérez-Cuadrado Martínez, Pilar Esteban-Delgado, Asunción María Gonzálvez-Gasch,
Magnetically Controlled Capsule Endoscopy (MCCE) presents a minimally invasive alternative to conventional gastroscopy for gastric and small bowel evaluation. This study assessed 30 patients using the...
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Letter
806-807
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2025.11279/2025
María Ojeda Remizova, Carmen Elisa Cáceres Pieter, Carlos Diz Calderón, Sol Pereiro Morillo, Carolina Cerrella Cano, Eduardo Junquera Alonso, Leire Parapar Álvarez, Jose María Duque Alcorta,
We present the case of an 82-year-old woman diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma with hepatic metastases and no history of liver disease. She presented to the hospital with fever (38 ºC) and abdominal...
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Letter
807-808
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2025.11551/2025
Ming Zhong, Wei Wei, Huang Zhong, Hang Gong, Tingyu Wang,
A 57-year-old woman presented to our department, complaining of abdominal pain for 1 week. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) revealed a 0.3 × 0.4 cm, slightly elevated lesion located on the greater curvature...
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Letter
808-809
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2025.11762/2025
Andrés Sánchez-Yagüe, Joaquín Rodríguez Sánchez, Federico Argüelles-Arias,
The PRIVIDIGEST survey is an initiative of the Spanish Society of Digestive Pathology (SEPD) designed to analyse the reality of private practice in our specialty in Spain. It describes a sector undergoing...
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