94-100DOI: 10.17235/reed.2019.6031/2018
María Vanessa Bullón Vela, Itziar Abete, María de los Ángeles Zulet, Josep A. Tur, Xavier Pintó, Emili Corbella, Miguel Ángel Martínez González, Dolores Corella, Manuel Macías González, Francisco Tinahones, Montserrat Fitó, Ramón Estruch, Emilio Ros, Jordi Salas Salvadó, Lidia Daimiel, J. Alfredo Martínez,
Resumen
Introducción: el hígado graso no alcohólico (HGNA) es una enfermedad hepática crónica más prevalente en los países occidentales.
Objetivos: evaluar factores de riesgo asociados a HGNA en hombres y mujeres diagnosticados con SM estratificados según terciles del índice de esteatosis hepática (HSI).
Métodos: análisis transversal del estudio PREDIMED Plus (incluyendo únicamente información del nodo Navarra-Nutrición). Un total de 278 participantes (141 hombres y 137 mujeres) con SM fueron estratificados según terciles de HSI. El estudio analizó variables clínicas, bioquímicas e información sobre el estilo de vida, como grado de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y práctica de actividad física.
Resultados: el análisis multivariante reveló que las mujeres tienen 4,54 unidades más de HSI (95% IC: 3,41 a 5,68) respecto a los hombres. Ambos sexos mostraron un incremento en los niveles de triglicéridos, TG/colesterol HDL e índice triglicéridos-glucosa (TyG) entre los terciles de HSI. Asimismo, se observó una asociación negativa entre la actividad física y el HSI (hombres: r = -0,19, p = 0,025; mujeres: r = -0,18, p = 0,031). La grasa visceral mostró una asociación positiva con el HSI en ambos sexos (hombres: r = 0,64, p < 0,001; mujeres: r = 0,46, p < 0,001). La adherencia a la dieta mediterránea es menor en los pacientes con HSI más elevado (hombres r = -0,18, p = 0,032; mujeres r = -0,19, p = 0,027).
Conclusiones: las mujeres presentan mayor riesgo de daño hepático y se sugieren importantes diferencias de sexo en relación a la EHGNA. La adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y la actividad física se reafirman como factores clave frente a la regulación de enfermedades cardiovasculares entre las que se encuentra la EHGNA. El riesgo de esteatosis hepática en población adulta obesa y con SM disminuye.
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